Perioperative Care; Fluid and Electrolyte

• Sodium (Na+) 135 - 145 mEq/L
• Potassium (K+) 3.5 – 5 mEq/L
• Calcium (Ca++) 4.5 – 5.3 mEq/L
• Bicarconate (HCO3-)
1. Arterial: 22 – 26 mEq/L
2. Venous: 24 – 30 mEq/L
• Chloride (Cl-) 90 -110 mEq/L
• Magnesium (Mg++) 1.5 – 2.5 mEq/L
• Phosphate (PO4 -- -) 1.7 – 4.6 mEq/L

What are the 4 blood electrolytes?

The blood electrolytes—sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate—help regulate nerve and muscle function and maintain acid-base balance. The acidity or alkalinity of any solution, including blood, is indicated on the pH scale.

What causes electrolyte imbalance?

A loss of bodily fluids most often causes an electrolyte imbalance. This can happen after prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, or sweating, due to an illness, for example. It can also be caused by: fluid loss related to burns.

Electrolytes are minerals that help your body carry out a variety of vital functions, such as hydration, muscle contractions, pH balance, and nerve signalling. To function properly, your body must maintain adequate levels of fluid and electrolytes at all times.

Beverages like coconut water, milk, fruit juice, and sports drinks can all contribute to hydration and electrolyte balance.

For most people, a balanced diet and adequate water intake is enough to maintain electrolyte levels. However, some instances may warrant the use of electrolyte drinks, particularly if you’re experiencing rapid fluid losses due to sweating or illness.