Perioperative Care; Fluid and Electrolyte

The state of balance within all physical systems needed for a body to function properly and survive is homeostasis. In a state of homeostasis, body levels are constantly adjusting in response to changes outside and inside the body. Some of the systems that constantly adjust to stay at normal levels are: blood sugar. Its major activities or functions are responding to changes in the body's environment, exchanging materials between the environment and cells, metabolizing foods, and integrating all of the body's diverse activities.

4 types of homeostasis

• Blood glucose homeostasis
• Blood oxygen content homeostasis
• Extracellular fluid pH homeostasis
• Plasma ionized calcium homeostasis

Examples of homeostasis in the human body include thermoregulation, blood glucose regulation, baroreflex in blood pressure, calcium homeostasis, potassium homeostasis, and osmoregulation.

The body's temperature regulation is controlled by a region in the brain called the hypothalamus. Feedback about body temperature is carried through the nervous system to the brain and results in compensatory adjustments in the breathing rate, the level of blood sugar, and the metabolic rate.