Fundamentals of Nursing I

Orlando developed nursing process theory in the late 1950's as she observed nurses in action. She saw "good" nursing and "bad" nursing. From her observations she learned that the patient must be the central character and nursing care needs to be directed at improving outcomes for the patient, and not about nursing goals. Therefore, the nursing process is an essential part of the nursing care plan.

• Assessment is deliberative nursing process used to share and validate the nurse’s direct and indirect observation.
• Planning occurs with participation from the nurse and the patient.
• Both direct help and indirect help occur in the implementation phase.
• Evaluation is focus on change in the patient’s behaviour. If no change, nurse continues the process until improvement occur.