Sociology and Medicolegal Aspects of Nursing

INTRODUCTION OF SOCIALIZATION PROCESS

                In the organized social relationship of human groups, social processes take place. Social processes are repetitive forms of actions, patterns of social behaviors.

Social processes manifest themselves through various modes such as competition, conflict, cooperation, accommodation, and assimilation. These processes take place on continuous basis at micro and macro levels. These modes of social processes are interrelated, and each may yield the other, and they take place in cyclic manner.

At the end of the lecture, students will be able to:

1. Define socialization process
2. Describe the agents of socialization.
3. Identify the factors affecting the process of socialization.
4. Explain the problems and failures in the process of socialization.

6.1. DEFINATION OF SOCIALIZATION PROCESS

                Socialization is a process that introduces people to social norms and customs. This process helps individuals function well in society, and, in turn, helps society run smoothly. Family members, teachers, religious leaders, and peers all play roles in a person's socialization.

This process typically occurs in two stages: Primary socialization takes place from birth through adolescence, and secondary socialization continues throughout one's life. Adult socialization may occur whenever people find themselves in new circumstances, especially those in which they interact with individuals whose norms or customs differ from theirs. 

6.2. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

They are the people and groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior

The Family is responsible for, among other things, determining one's attitudes toward religion and establishing career goals. Education is the agency responsible for socializing groups of young people in particular skills and values in society. Peer groups refer to people who are roughly the same age and/or who share other social characteristics (e.g., students in a college class).The Mass Media and other  Agents:  Religion, Work Place, The State.

a. SOCIAL CHANGE

                In sociology it is the alteration of mechanisms within the social structure characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behaviour, social organizations, or value systems.

b. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SOCIAL CHANGE.

                Geographical factors like climatic conditions that influence the climatic conditions. Sociological factors like social conflicts, social oppressions, modernization etc.. There is explosion of population and the environmental factors like newly built cities, industrialized and urbanized natural environment. The scientific and technological factors like technical advancements, new interventions, modern machineries, tools etc.

                 The ideological factors like social philosophy, pollical philosophy and religious philosophy. The legislative factors like legislation on temple entry, banning child marriages etc. which lead to the impact of western civilization and cultural diffusion. Thus, the level of education and literacy attained by the society and modernization of society

                A population change – a social also change and become a casual factors in further and  cultural changes. Migration encourage further changers for it and brings a group into new environment  subject to new social contacts and confronts  it with new problem.

 c. PROCESS OF SOCIAL CHANGE

 Parsons (1996) indicated that there are three processes of social change. Firstly, differentiation – increasing complexity of social organization. e.g., transition from “medicine man” to Physician, nurse, and pharmacist. Secondly, adaptive upgrading – social institutions become most specialized in their purposes, e.g., Specialization of doctors – pulmonologist, haematologist, oncologist, paediatrician. Third, is the inclusion – including groups that were excluded because of race, gender, ethnicity, and social class are not included., e.g., male nurses, female engineers, female pilot…

d. TYPES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Consist of three that are, civilization change e.g., dress, foods habits, technologies. Cultural change consists of religion, rituals, literature and change in social relationship like father and son, teacher and students, husband and wife. Source of social change are major sources of social change include population growth and composition, culture and technology, the natural environment, and social conflict.Factors influence change are Physical environment - Population growth, Economic factor, Ideology And leadership

e.  FACTORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Collective behaviour and social movements are just two of the forces driving social change, which is the change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environment shifts or technological innovations. Essentially, any disruptive shift in the status quo, be it international or random, human-caused, or natural, can lead to social change.

 Subsequently there are numerous and varied causes of social change which consists of four common causes as recognised by social scientists are technology, social institutions, population, and the environment. These four of these areas can impact when and how society changes. And they are all interrelated a change in one area can lead to change throughout. Modernization is a typical result of social change, which refers to the process of increased differentiation and specialization within a society, particularly around its industry and infrastructure.

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